年龄相关性听力损失疾病负担的多因素分析

黄芳; 廖红明; 何本超

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.04.012

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年龄相关性听力损失疾病负担的多因素分析

临床研究 | 更新时间：2026-09-22

- 年龄相关性听力损失疾病负担的多因素分析
- Multifactorial Analysis of the Disease Burden in Age-Related Hearing Loss
- 中国听力语言康复科学杂志 2026年24卷第4期页码：388-394
- 作者机构：
  
  天门市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科天门 431700
- 作者简介：
  
  黄芳本科副主任护师；研究方向：耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
  廖红明，E-mail：770565384@qq.com
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.04.012
  中图分类号： R764.43
- 收稿：2025-08-04，
  
  修回：2025-12-28，
  
  录用：2026-06-30，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-15
- 稿件说明：
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黄芳,廖红明,何本超.年龄相关性听力损失疾病负担的多因素分析[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2026,24(04):388-394.

HUANG Fang,LIAO Hong-ming,HE Ben-chao.Multifactorial Analysis of the Disease Burden in Age-Related Hearing Loss[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2026,24(04):388-394.
黄芳,廖红明,何本超.年龄相关性听力损失疾病负担的多因素分析[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2026,24(04):388-394. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.04.012.

HUANG Fang,LIAO Hong-ming,HE Ben-chao.Multifactorial Analysis of the Disease Burden in Age-Related Hearing Loss[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2026,24(04):388-394. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.04.012.

摘要

目的

系统评估1992～2021年中国及全球年龄相关性听力损失（age-related hearing loss， ARHL）的疾病负担变化趋势，分析指标包括患病率（prevalence）和伤残调整生命年（disability-adjusted life years， DALYs）。通过年龄-时期-队列（age-period-cohort， APC）模型，探讨不同年龄、时期和出生队列在ARHL负担变化中的作用，揭示其长期变化特征和潜在影响因素，为制定听力健康干预策略的制订提供循证依据。

方法

基于2021年全球疾病负担研究（global burden of disease， GBD）数据库，获取1992～2021年中国与全球ARHL的患病率和DALYs数据。采用连接点回归模型（joinpoint regression）评估疾病负担的时间变化趋势，使用年平均百分比变化（average annual percentage change， AAPC）量化趋势幅度。通过APC模型进一步分析年龄、时期和出生队列对ARHL患病率和DALYs的独立影响。

结果

1992～2021年，中国ARHL的年龄标准化患病率由2万/10万人增至2.2万/10万人，DALYs率由576.35/10万人上升至630.67/10万人。同期，全球患病率由1.7万/10万人增至1.8万/10万人，DALYs率由500.28/10万人升至525.87/10万人。中国患病率与DALYs率的AAPC分别为0.2%与0.3%，全球均为0.2%，提示全球和中国ARHL负担持续增长。性别分布方面，中国男性的ARHL患病人数和患病率高于女性。年龄效应显示，ARHL负担随年龄增长而上升，在65～69岁组达高峰后略降。队列分析提示近出生年代人群的ARHL风险略有下降，可能与健康意识提升和听力保护改善相关。

结论

1992～2021年，中国及全球ARHL负担总体呈上升趋势，且呈现显著的年龄与性别差异。老年群体尤其是中老年男性是重点关注对象。应加强针对性听力健康管理，推动早筛查、早干预，提升公众听力保护意识。

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to systematically assess the trends in the disease burden of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in China and globally from 1992 to 2021

analyzing key indicators including prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Additionally

by using the age-period-cohort (APC) model

the study explores the roles of age

period

and birth cohort in the changes in ARHL burden

revealing long-term trends and potential influencing factors

thus providing evidence-based recommendations for the development of hearing health intervention strategies.

Methods

This study is based on data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database

which provides prevalence and DALYs data for ARHL in China and globally from 1992 to 2021. Joinpoint regression models were used to assess the temporal trends in the disease burden

and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to quantify the magnitude of the trends. The APC model was further employed to analyze the independent effects of age

period

and birth cohort on the prevalence and DALYs of ARHL.

Results

The study shows that from 1992 to 2021

the age-standardized prevalence of ARHL in China increased from 20000 per 100000 to 22000 per 100000 and the DALYs rate rose from 576.35 per 100000 to 630.67 per 100000. In the same period

the global prevalence increased from 17000 per 100000 to 18000 per 100000 and the DALYs rate increased from 500.28 per 100000 to 525.87 per 100000. The AAPC for prevalence and DALYs in China was 0.2% and 0.3%

respectively

while the global AAPC for both was 0.2%

indicating a continuous increase in the ARHL burden both globally and in China. In terms of gender distribution

the number of cases and prevalence of ARHL in Chinese men were consistently higher than in women. The age effect shows that the burden of ARHL rises with age

peaking in the 65-69 age group before slightly declining. Cohort analysis suggests a slight decline in ARHL risk in more recent birth cohorts

possibly related to improved health awareness and hearing protection measures.

Conclusion

From 1992 to 2021

the overall ARHL burden in China and globally has increased

with significant age and gender differences. The elderly

particularly middle-aged and older men

are the key groups to focus on. Targeted hearing health management should be strengthened

with an emphasis on early screening

early intervention

and raising public awareness of hearing protection.

关键词

Keywords

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