爆震性聋的发病机制及潜在生物标志物研究进展

魏聪; 唐金格; 石磊; 蒋晴晴; 刘宸箐; 于宁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.02.014

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爆震性聋的发病机制及潜在生物标志物研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2026-07-30

- 爆震性聋的发病机制及潜在生物标志物研究进展
- Research Progress on the Pathogenesis and Potential Biomarkers of Explosive Deafness
- 中国听力语言康复科学杂志 2026年24卷第2期页码：184-188
- 作者机构：
  
  1.川北医学院南充 637000
  2.解放军总医院第六医学中心耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医学部北京 100853
- 作者简介：
  
  魏聪在读硕士；研究方向：噪声性聋的防治研究
  于宁，E-mail： yuning@301hospital.org
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市自然科学基金资助项目“基于深度学习的听性脑干诱发电位智能识别研究”(7222185)
- DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.02.014
  中图分类号： R764.43
- 收稿：2025-06-27，
  
  网络首发：2026-03-17，
  
  纸质出版：2026-03-15
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
魏聪,唐金格,石磊等.爆震性聋的发病机制及潜在生物标志物研究进展[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2026,24(02):184-188.

WEI Cong,TANG Jin-ge,SHI Lei,et al.Research Progress on the Pathogenesis and Potential Biomarkers of Explosive Deafness[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2026,24(02):184-188.
魏聪,唐金格,石磊等.爆震性聋的发病机制及潜在生物标志物研究进展[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2026,24(02):184-188. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.02.014.

WEI Cong,TANG Jin-ge,SHI Lei,et al.Research Progress on the Pathogenesis and Potential Biomarkers of Explosive Deafness[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2026,24(02):184-188. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2026.02.014.

摘要

爆震性聋（explosive deafness）是由爆炸冲击波或高强度脉冲噪声引起的听觉系统急性损伤，是部队官兵、采矿及爆破作业人员的常见职业性疾病。随着军事训练强度的提升和工业化进程的加速，其发病率呈持续上升趋势。该疾病损伤机制复杂，除冲击波直接导致外耳/中耳机械性损伤（如鼓膜穿孔、听骨链脱位）外，还可诱发内耳代谢性级联损伤，包括氧化应激、耳蜗血流量减少、钙超载及耳蜗神经损伤等病理过程。生物标志物在揭示爆震性聋动态病理进程、实现早期诊断及预后评估中具有关键价值。本文旨在综述爆震性聋的发病机制和生物标志物的研究进展，为临床爆震性聋的防治提供新思路。

Abstract

Explosive Deafness is an acute damage to the auditory system caused by explosive shock waves or high-intensity impulse noise. It is a common occupational disease in troops

mining and blasting workers. Epidemiological data show that with the improvement of military training intensity and the acceleration of industrialization

the incidence rate continues to rise. The damage mechanism of this disease is complex. In addition to the mechanical damage of the outer ear / middle ear (such as tympanic membrane perforation

ossicular chain dislocation) directly caused by the shock wave

it can also induce metabolic cascade damage to the inner ear

including oxidative stress

cochlear blood flow reduction

calcium overload and cochlear nerve damage. Recent studies have confirmed that biomarkers have a key value in revealing the dynamic pathological process of explosive deafness

achieving early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. This paper is to review the research progress of biomarkers of explosive deafness

and to provide some new ideas for the prevention and treatment of explosive deafness in clinical practice.

关键词

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references

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