Objective To explore the correlation between auditory evoked potential（AEP） examination P1 peak

P1 latency and postoperative categories of auditory performance（CAP） and speech intelligibility rating（SIR） in children with external and middle ear malformations and the evaluation value of hearing improvement. Methods 82 children with external and middle ear malformations in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the study subjects. The P1 peak

P1 incubation period

CAP and SIR classification were compared before and 12 months after the operation

and the correlation between P1 peak and P1 incubation period and CAP and SIR classification was analyzed. The meaningful auditory integration scale（MAIS） score was used to evaluate the hearing improvement of children 12 months after the operation

and the clinical data

P1 peak

and P1 latency of children with different MAIS scores were compared. The relationship between P1 peak

P1 latency and MAIS score was analyzed

and the evaluation value of P1peak and P1 latency on hearing improvement was evaluated. Results At 12 months after surgery

the P1 peak was lower than before surgery

the P1 latency was shorter than before surgery

and the CAP and SIR ratings were higher than before surgery（P<0.05）; the P1 peak and P1 latency were negatively correlated with the CAP and SIR ratings before surgery and 12 months after surgery（P<0.05）;the degree of hearing loss before surgery

the CAP and SIR ratings before surgery and 12 months after surgery

and the P1 peak were statistically significant when comparing children with different MAIS scores（P<0.05）. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）; the AUC for the combined assessment of P1 peak and P1 latency was the highest at 0.872

with sensitivity and specificity of 74.19% and 85.00% respectively. Conclusion P1 peak

P1 latency and postoperative CAP and SIR classification of children with external and middle ear malformations are all negatively correlated. The use of AEP to check P1 peak and P1 latency has important clinical value in evaluating hearing improvement after cochlear implantation.