2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律研究

吕静; 郭倩倩; 孟超; 陈雪清; 王硕

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2025.03.003

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2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律研究

听障儿童听觉言语能力发育规律评估 | 更新时间：2025-05-12

- 2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律研究
- The Characteristics of Stop Consonant Production and the Patterns of Phonological Development in Children Aged 2 to 6
- 中国听力语言康复科学杂志 2025年23卷第3期页码：232-235
- 作者机构：
  
  首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院神经耳科/北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所/耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室（首都医科大学）北京 100730
- 作者简介：
  
  吕静本科副主任技师；研究方向：临床听力学及听觉言语康复
  王硕，E-mail：shannorwsh@aliyun.com
- 基金信息：
  
  首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2022-4-1093;首发2022-1-2023)
- DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2025.03.003
  中图分类号： H01
- 收稿日期：2025-03-21，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-05-15
- 稿件说明：
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吕静,郭倩倩,孟超等.2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律研究[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2025,23(03):232-235.

LV Jing,GUO Qian-qian,MENG Chao,et al.The Characteristics of Stop Consonant Production and the Patterns of Phonological Development in Children Aged 2 to 6[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2025,23(03):232-235.
吕静,郭倩倩,孟超等.2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律研究[J].中国听力语言康复科学杂志,2025,23(03):232-235. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2025.03.003.

LV Jing,GUO Qian-qian,MENG Chao,et al.The Characteristics of Stop Consonant Production and the Patterns of Phonological Development in Children Aged 2 to 6[J].Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation,2025,23(03):232-235. DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4933.2025.03.003.

摘要

目的

分析并获得2～6岁健听儿童塞音产出特点及发音变化规律。

方法

选取2～6岁健听儿童40例，分为4个年龄组（2～，3～，4～，5～6岁组）各10例。采用塞音词表测试，计算所有塞音在不同年龄组的正确率并分析其产出及发音错误特点。

结果

①所有塞音在不同年龄组总正确率从高到低依次为5～6˃4～˃3～˃2～岁组，正确率分别为89.53%、86.13%、73.45%、62.17%。方差分析结果表明，除4～和5～6岁组正确率无显著差异外，其余各年龄组两两比较均有显著差异（

0.05）。②各塞音正确率从高到低依次为/d、p、b、t、k、g/，正确率分别为91.80%、87.14%、86.07%、81.08%、68.47%、68.36%。方差分析结果表明/g、k/分别与/b、p、d、t/比较有显著差异（

0.05）。③3～岁组习得/p、d/、4～岁组习得/b/、5～6岁组习得/t/，/g、k/最难习得。④塞音发音的错误类型主要为替代，其中主要为/g/易被/d/替代、/k/易被/t/替代，且替代率较高。

结论

健听儿童塞音发展变化的总体趋势是随着儿童年龄的增长，产出塞音的正确率逐步提高，但也存在个体差异性且变异度较大。

Abstract

Objective

To analyze and obtain the production characteristics and pronunciation development patterns of stop consonants in normal-hearing children aged 2 to 6 years.

Methods

Forty normal-hearing children aged 2 to 6 years were selected and divided into four age groups (2

5 and 6 years old groups)

with 10 children in each group. A stop consonant word list was used for testing. The total correct rates of all stop consonants in different age groups and the correct rates of each stop consonant were calculated and analyzed for their production and pronunciation error characteristics.

Results

The total correct rates of all stop consonants in different age groups from high to low were 5-6 years old

4 years old

3 years old

2 years old

with correct rates of 89.53%

86.13%

73.45%

and 62.17%

respectively. The results of variance analysis indicated that except for the difference in correct rates between the 4 year-old and 5-6 year-old groups

which was not statistically significant

the differences between the other age groups were statistically significant (

0.05). The correct rates of each stop consonant from high to low were /d/

/p/

/b/

/t/

/k/

/g/

with correct rates of 91.80%

87.14%

86.07%

81.08%

68.47%

and 68.36%

respectively. The results of variance analysis indicated that the differences between /g/ and /k/ and /b/

/p/

/d/

and /t/ were statistically significant (

0.05). The characteristics of stop consonant production: /p/ and /d/ are acquired at 3 years old

/b/ at 4 years old

/t/ at 5-6 years old

and /g/ and /k/ are the most difficult to acquire. Characteristics of stop consonant pronunciation errors: the main error type was substitution errors

among which /g/ was easily substituted by /d/ and /k/ was easily substituted by /t/

and the substitution rates were relatively high.

Conclusion

The overall trend in the development of stop consonant production in healthy hearing children is an improvement in accuracy with increasing age

although individual differences are significant.

关键词

Keywords

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